Focus Plastics Plc - Producer of Moulded Plastic Essay

Focus Plastics Plc - Producer of Moulded Plastic - Essay Example The household items under the brand name ‘focus’ remain almost stagnate i.e. in 1993 it was worth 6056,000 pounds and in 2005 it remains at 6533,000 pounds. But the new product range under brand name ‘concept’ comprising storage years, mixing bowls, strainers, salad bowls, towel holders and other kitchen items, sales have grown from 3411000 pounds in 1997 to 16210,000pound in 2005. In 2005, the company started a new product range with brand name ‘concept office’ comprising filing trays, storage boxes and a range of desk items. This latest and new range of products proved very successful in the very first year of its launch and contributed 1320,000 pounds in sales. The company has divested itself completely from its industrials customers. The company has inculcated a reputation for household products for its quality in the minds of the consumers’. It has used latest technologies and trained manpower but being in an industry, where entry ba rriers are low, it faces on the inherent threat from smaller manufacturers on the pricing front. The company has planed its manufacturing facilities with a process-based layout and having all sorts of injection - molding machines of various ages from latest Robotic devices to operate manually. At the planning level, scheduling all the machines and maintaining inventory levels as well as utilization of equipment, output rates &scrap rates has to be monitored by the planning manager. In this particular area, the company is facing the problem company is also inclined to develop new and innovative products regularly because of the market requirements. Needs and preferences of customers are changing fast and the company has to cope up the changing need of its customers. So the company is always trying to develop newer products but in the process faces some problems in developing products continuously and timely.Now company is facing a new dilemma that whether it may continue with its pro duct range under brand name ‘Focus’ or to emphasize on the other product ranges namely under brand name ‘concept’ & ‘concept office’ in this situation company has to evaluate its production and operations capacities and to find out the right kind of strategies for production, warehousing and distribution.

Education Essay Example for Free

Education Essay â€Å"Education is the most powerful weapon, which you can use to change the world†. (1) When thinking about going back to school to finish my degree, I came upon this quote by Nelson Mandela. It touched me for two different reasons. The first, because I have not finished my own education; and second, because I am getting my degree in elementary education to be a grade school teacher. When trying to figure out which school would be best for my lifestyle and what I wanted to accomplish, there were several factors to consider. The main factors were degree, cost, time, and what fit my personality best. In today’s society, a college degree is a necessity. It is no longer an option or privilege. Most people feel the need to look good in the eyes of society. With that, comes a degree and with going to school for so long, comes a debt to be paid. WGU is by far the cheapest and quickest way to get a college degree. In today’s society, those are the top two factors when looking into going to school. With the economy being what it is, everyone is trying to better himself or herself to get a better job and make more money. If you’re looking to get your degree, WGU is the answer. The first thing I did when looking into colleges, was look for the schools that had a degree in elementary education. Not only that, but an accredited college with my degree. Several came up; options of online programs or schools with a physical campus. After seeing all the different choices, I had to think about what would work better for me. I am not a fan of a classroom, or a specific time to be in one. I hate driving to school. I am never motivated to do work, unless it is on my time, in the comfort of my choosing. Also, with the job I had at the time, I would not have been able to have a set schedule. So, I decided that online would be the best option. Although WGU does not have a specific degree in elementary education, it did have a degree in Interdisciplinary Studies (K-8), which satisfies the requirements. WGU also has one of the more flexible schedules in the online world. In today’s day and age, most everyone going to school has a job. Some even have a couple. WGU is not only aware of that, but they encourage it. They work with your prior obligations so that you don’t feel like school is taking over your life. Once figuring out that online was my best option, I then needed to weigh in on the cost. This was a bit tricky, since every online program sets their price differently. Some did it by the amount of credits taken each semester, some did it by the amount of classes, and WGU priced by term. That was initially what had caught my eye. I had never heard of that before. One set price for the six-month term; no matter how many credits you took? I was shocked. After doing all the calculations of what classes I still needed to complete my degree, WGU was the cheapest – by far. I also needed to see which schools applied financial aid, which most do. But with most of the school’s costs for just the classes, financial aid wouldn’t even make a dent. With WGU, it would pay for tuition, books, fees, etc. , plus extra for cost of living. Sounds like a no brainer, but I wanted to make sure I got the best education for the time I was going to put into it. Which brings me to my next point. I took my top three choices, by degree and cost, and looked into how much time I could put into it and how much time was required of me, for both semester/term and total, to finish my degree. All of them required at least 12 credits per semester/term to be considered full time. Which was what I wanted and needed for financial aid. Two of the three did not allow more than 18 credits a semester, with there being three semesters in a year. But WGU allowed as many credits as you are able to complete per each six-month term. So, although there are only two terms in a year, you could potentially finish school quicker, if you set your mind to it. This is an imperative point to be made when thinking of the future. WGU is the only school online that allows and encourages students to take as many courses as they can handle in a 6-month period. The last factor I had to look at was whether the school was going to fit my personality or if it would be a waste of my time and money. Once all signs pointed to WGU, I called. I spoke with a very nice and informative woman, who told me exactly what to expect and what would be expected of me. She told me that I would be talking with a mentor, in my degree, once a week for the entire time I was in school. I would also have a community for each course, along with course mentors, to reach out to for help understanding the information. She told me about the website and how easy it was to navigate through, and how organized I would be with the degree plan and other tab options they have. She ended the call with emailing me a couple informational packets, along with letting me know I could call or email anytime with any questions. After we hung up, I felt so warm and welcomed. Again, I was shocked. How could a simple phone call make me feel like I was already part of a community? That woman had to have been a great salesperson in a past life, or the school was really just that great, that it made her love her job more than one would think. Either way, she sold me. It sounded like I would fit this school more than any I have looked into in the past and I had made my decision. If you are looking for a school that makes you feel like more than just money in their pocket, some place where you feel important, then WGU is the school for you. After looking at all the research and all the facts, I decided on WGU. When combining my degree with cost, time, and my personality, WGU had it all. The cost alone can sell the school to any Joe Shmoe, but that really was just the icing on the cake for me. With the economy today, and most everyone having to work at least part time, no one has time for school. WGU has the most flexible schedule that works with your free hours, so that you don’t have to stress about getting things done by a certain time. WGU does not only have people who are there for you when you have a question, but they are there for you to root you on and they genuinely want to see you succeed. Who wouldn’t want a bunch of cheerleaders to stand on the sidelines of your own dreams? I have looked into several options for continuing education, and I would, hands down, recommend WGU over any other school out there.

Balance Sheet Analysis Applebees International 2004 Essay -- Finance F

Balance Sheet Analysis Applebee’s International 2004   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In analyzing the common-size balance sheet for Applebee’s, it is noted that the total current assets has jumped from 11% to 14% of the total assets. The total assets for Applebee’s has jumped 6% from 2000 to 2001 driven by increased in the total current assets of 28%. Of those 28% increase, they consisted of 88% increase in the Cash & Equivalents (increased of $10.6 millions) caused by the decreased in the Capital Stock repurchasing in 2001 by Applebee’s. The repurchase of capital stock has decreased by 31% as noted from the year-to-year percentage changes of the Statement of Cash Flow which equivalent to about $11 million dollars. The other current assets increased was from the other Current Assets category; there was an increase of 92% from 2000 to 2001. Due to the higher earnings for Applebee’s, there was an increase in income tax due. A significant component of the increase of other Current Assets was from increased in prepaid incom e taxes with net deferred income tax asset of $6.7 millions dollars.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The intangibiles has also decreased from 18% to 16% in common-size balance sheet for Applebee’s from 2000 to 2001. This is equivalent to a decrease of 7% from year to year percentage change. This change was driven by amortization of intangible assets related to previous acquisitions of other franchisee restaurants by Applebee’s.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  There was a trend in rise of the net property & equipment related assets since 2002 to 2004. This boost in net property and equipment assets was related to the acquisition strategy conducted by Applebee’s. For the $34 millions acquisitions of 21 restaurants in Washington D.C. area on November 7, 2002; $24 millions has been allocated to the fair value of property and equipment plus $10 millions in goodwill. This has caused a jump in net property & equipment assets for 2002 to jumped 16% and Intangibles assets to jumped 12% when compared to 2001. Since most of the purchased are by cash, this has caused a 31% decreased in the Cash & Equivalents for Applebee’s balance sheet. For the 11 Applebee’s restaurants acquisitions in Illinois, Indianan, Kentucky, and Missouri for $21.8 million on March 24, 2003, $7.9 millions were allocated to the fair value of property and equipment, the other $16.6 millions went to goodwill, plus a net liabilities in addi tions of $1.3... ...ense has decreased 82.8% from 2000 to 2004. All the above are contributing factors in Applebee’s achieving higher earnings, a 75% increase in net earnings from 2000 to 2004. Average shares has fall due to consistent share repurchasing programs by Applebee’s. Overall, the common-size analysis of the income statement are relatively consistent over the five years of study. Cost of goods has stayed consistent between 74%-75%, the Depreciation and amortization is between 9%-11%, income from Continue operations and Net Income are also both between 9%-10% in common-size analysis for income Statement. No unusual flutuations has been discovered. As of December 26, 2004, our liquid assets totaled $10,924,000. These assets consisted of cash and cash equivalents in the amount of $10,642,000 and short-term investments in the amount of $282,000. The working capital deficit increased slightly from $50,359,000 as of December 28, 2003 to $51,041,000 as of December 26, 2004. This increase was due primarily to increases in the loss reserve and unearned premiums related to the captive insurance subsidiary and accounts payable and was partially offset by increases in inventories and receivables.

Heroes Must Die :: English Literature Essays

Heroes Must Die Blaine the big was half badger and half troll. He was a huge beast (nearly twice the height of a human) and was almost completely covered in spikes. He hated his space colony. He lived with fake trees, fake grass, fake rain, and all sorts of fake things. He longed to live on Earth and see the real things. He tried multiple times to break into the space airports and enter a ship to Earth, but the wizard guards always caught him. One day, while Blaine was sleeping, the DANGER 1 alarm went off. The alarm was only used for extremely dangerous situations. Blaine and his pet dorg (a big dog trained to kill), Leo, ran out to see what the commotion was about. He felt cold fear run all down his body. There, right in front of him, was a huge troll. Trolls had horribly big bodies and had spikes everywhere below the neck. It smelt horrible and had a double-ended axe. â€Å"What do we have here?† the troll said. â€Å"Don’t hurt me-I’m half troll. You wouldn’t hurt me would you?† stammered Blaine. Blaine decided to go for the friendly approach. â€Å"Your axe looks †¦ marvelous,† he said. Trolls loved to hear their weapons get compliments. This troll was no exception. â€Å"You think so? I really like my axe. My name’s Pete the Perilous. So, what other half are you?† â€Å"I’m Blaine. I’m half badger as well as half troll,† answered Blaine . Blaine decided that Pete wasn’t all that bad. â€Å"What troll dynasty are you from?† Blaine asked. â€Å"Oh, I’m not a troll. I’m a seronto,† said Pete. â€Å"What!† blurted Blaine. Serontos were extremely rare these days because of their not-so-smart minds. Serontos have the power to change into anything they want, and a lot of times they would turn into something deadly. Therefore, the wizards kill them not knowing they were serontos. â€Å"Turn into something smaller!† hissed Blaine. With a â€Å"pop† he turned into a pen. Blaine hastily put the pen into his pocket. Just then, a score of wizards came around the corner, all with their staffs out. â€Å"Did you see a troll around here?† the eldest wizard asked. â€Å"No† replied Blaine. He didn’t dare tell the wizards that the troll was actually a seronto, because the wizards would have just taken him to the ejection room (a room where you are sent into space to die), innocent or not because of the chaos he created.

Contract and Demand

This is a case of a sales firm which operates for 203 days in a year. Each day the firm operates, it generates revenue (profit) of Rs. 10 Lac. At the beginning of the year, the employees’ union confronts the management of the sales firm over wages and the union presents its demand. The management either accepts this, or rejects it and returns the next day with a counteroffer for wage to be paid to the employees. The firm can open and start functioning only after an agreement on wage is reached between the management and the union.As per the prevailing law in the state and the industry, it is the union’s turn to present its demand on the first day/round of negotiation. At this point the management may either accept or reject the demand made by the union and wait till the next (second day of the year) day to come with its offer. Where again the union has the choice to either accept or reject the offer made by the management and go on to the next (third day of the year) da y to make their demand to management. The rounds of negotiation may go on and on till the last day unless an agreement is reached between the parties over wage. x 5 = 20 (Please indicate the demand and offer in Rupee value and indicate the pay off for both union and management as [a, b] where a = union’s pay off and b = management’s pay off) a. What would be the union’s wage demand on the 1st day/round of wage negotiation between management and union, and in case management accepts it what would be the management’s pay off from such negotiation? b. Who would make an offer or place a demand on the 4th day/round of wage negotiation? What would be the offer / demand? What would be the pay off of each party (union and management) in case the offer / demand made is accepted by the other party? . Who would make an offer or place a demand on the 200th day/round of wage negotiation? What would be the offer / demand? What would be the pay off of each party (union and management) in case the offer / demand made is accepted by the other party? d. Who would make an offer or place a demand on the 203rd day/round of wage negotiation? What would be the offer / demand? What would be the pay off of each party (union and management) in case the offer / demand made is accepted by the other party? Name- SID- SMS ID- Centre Name-

How to Answer “Can I Contact Your Current Employer”

How to Answer â€Å"Can I Contact Your Current Employer† If anyone asks where you were today, you were at a dentist’s appointment. Right? The vague â€Å"appointment,† always in the middle of the day, is a classic tactic for interviewing for new jobs while you’re still at your current one. You just put up your â€Å"out of office† message and hope no one notices that you’re awfully dressed up for a Wednesday. However, your slick cover story could be blown if the interviewing company contacts your current one. How does one avoid this potential explosion of awkwardness?Look, everyone understands that the sneaky interview is kind of the dirty little secret of the working world. Everyone does it at some point, in hopes of trading up their current position, or pursuing a new opportunity. That doesn’t mean you want your intentions broadcast across your current company- especially if you don’t get the new gig. Ideally, the interviewer will accept your list of non-current-boss references without que stion. But there’s a chance he or she might ask you the dreaded question: â€Å"Hey, do you mind if I contact your current employer?†DO understand that they’re not trying to double-cross you.No one is snitching†¦the person interviewing you merely wants to get a sense of what you’re like as a current employee. He or she knows it’s awkward, but it’s a valid question. After all, your current boss might know you’re interviewing for a variety of reasons (like your job is ending due to a layoff, your job is temporary, etc.)- so it certainly can’t hurt to ask.DON’T panic, and assume that everyone will soon know about your secret interview.It’s definitely okay to say that you’d like to keep your job search under wraps for now.DO have some current colleagues in mind that you could include as a reference.If you have a trusted coworker who has a clear sense of your abilities as an employee, but who can also be tr usted with a secret (and who has been told ahead of time that you’re on the hunt), then offer them as an alternative reference. That way, you can say to the interviewer that you’re not comfortable if she talks to your current boss yet, but that you have another reference at your current company whom she could talk to in the meantime.DON’T act cagey, like you have something to hide.Be up-front that you’re not comfortable offering up your current boss as a reference at this time. Emphasize that your available references are well aware of your abilities as an employee, and let the interviewer know that they’re happy to talk to him or her in the meantime.DO leave the door open for the future.After you say that you’re not comfortable with the interviewer talking with your current manager, make sure they know that it’s not a final â€Å"no.† Let him or her know that when the timing is right, you’d be open to them contacting yo ur current company.If all goes well, you can sneak back into your office with a spring in your step, and secure in the knowledge that your secret is safe for now.

Free Essays on Turkish Revolution

Under the rules of Sultan Abdul Hamid II, the Ottoman Empire was going into a trouble at the years after mid-1870s. The majority of citizens were supporting Sultan Hamid II because he was also a religious leader for Muslims. Because of Hamid's Arab devotion, he had an enmity to west. Although there were good economic conditions with west in these years, Hamid had never changed his mind about hostility to west. Because of Hamid's hostility, the Ottoman Empire could not kept in step with technological developments in West. In developing world, regressions of the Ottoman Empire yielded the end of approximately one-thousand years old Ottoman Empire who had territories in 3 continents and lost most of them in a short time except Anatolia. Because of the occupations Anatolian people wanted to fight with enemies but the Ottoman Empire did not have power to fight. For that reason the citizens gathered together and fought against to enemies. After their success they realized the Turkish Revol ution and changed the regime. So the most important cause of the Turkish Revolution was the weakness of the Ottoman Empire. Refusing the idea of modernizing started the regression of the Ottoman Empire. Sultan Hamid II was nursing a grudge to west from past. Although he rarely interested in western technology or some western products, he had never given up his hostility manners to west. While countries was developing in science and military, the Ottoman Empire started to perceive advanced western countries threat over them. The Turkish intellectuals who are inspired from west and some other developed countries like China, were accusing Sultan Abdul Hamid II because of the Ottoman Empire's backwardness in contrast to the developed countries. Meanwhile Sultan Abdul Hamid II annulled the constitution since 1876 and he started to manage the country with his own rules and the intellectuals did not like this situation. Sultan Abdul Hamid II had n... Free Essays on Turkish Revolution Free Essays on Turkish Revolution Under the rules of Sultan Abdul Hamid II, the Ottoman Empire was going into a trouble at the years after mid-1870s. The majority of citizens were supporting Sultan Hamid II because he was also a religious leader for Muslims. Because of Hamid's Arab devotion, he had an enmity to west. Although there were good economic conditions with west in these years, Hamid had never changed his mind about hostility to west. Because of Hamid's hostility, the Ottoman Empire could not kept in step with technological developments in West. In developing world, regressions of the Ottoman Empire yielded the end of approximately one-thousand years old Ottoman Empire who had territories in 3 continents and lost most of them in a short time except Anatolia. Because of the occupations Anatolian people wanted to fight with enemies but the Ottoman Empire did not have power to fight. For that reason the citizens gathered together and fought against to enemies. After their success they realized the Turkish Revol ution and changed the regime. So the most important cause of the Turkish Revolution was the weakness of the Ottoman Empire. Refusing the idea of modernizing started the regression of the Ottoman Empire. Sultan Hamid II was nursing a grudge to west from past. Although he rarely interested in western technology or some western products, he had never given up his hostility manners to west. While countries was developing in science and military, the Ottoman Empire started to perceive advanced western countries threat over them. The Turkish intellectuals who are inspired from west and some other developed countries like China, were accusing Sultan Abdul Hamid II because of the Ottoman Empire's backwardness in contrast to the developed countries. Meanwhile Sultan Abdul Hamid II annulled the constitution since 1876 and he started to manage the country with his own rules and the intellectuals did not like this situation. Sultan Abdul Hamid II had n...

How to Create a 2017 Job Search Roadmap

How to Create a 2017 Job Search Roadmap So you’ve set your career goals for 2017. (You totally have, right? If not, you still have time!) Yet unless you have some organization and a realistic timeline behind them, it’s likely that you’ll be in the same spot this time next year, wondering where the time went. Start the year with a roadmap like the sample one below, and you’ll be able to stay on track without overwhelming yourself with all job search elements at once.December: Start with a wish listWhere do you want to be in a year? What kind of role would you like to have? Before the new year even starts, take some time to think about what it is you really want to do. â€Å"A new job† doesn’t really cut it here- think about which job. Or if you want to keep the same kind of job you have now (or the one you had last), include specific companies you’d like to target.January-February: Do your due diligenceIf you haven’t already, dig in and research your target jobs or com panies. What is the general market for your industry and skill/experience level? Is there a particular hiring season? What kind of salaries are available in that field? Keep all of this information in a file (digital or old-school print) so you can go back to it later, or add to it as you come across new information.March-April: Resume makeover timeIf it’s been a while since you last overhauled the doc, it’s best to start from scratch. There are resume templates available online, or you can create your own. The important thing here is to make sure your current skills and achievements are not only listed, but maximized. Use strong action verbs, and avoid passive bullet points about â€Å"responsibilities.† And most importantly, proofread the heck out of it every time you add or change information.By the end of the month, when you feel like you’ve got a final draft, hand it over to a trusted friend to read and review for information that’s missing, c onfusing, etc.May-June: Interview rehearsalRemember that old joke that asks you how to get to Carnegie Hall? (Practice, of course.) It’s schticky, but it applies here as well. No matter how confident you feel in your ability to rock an interview, you should still set aside time to prep. You can start here, to get a refresher course on what to expect on interview day. Once you’ve done that legwork, practice how you’d respond to particular questions, and how you would frame the information in your resume.Practice in the mirror, practice with your goldfish, practice with a friend or family member until they’re sick of hearing about your problem solving skills. Practice your body language. Practice your winning interview smile like you’re prepping for the Miss America pageant.July-August: Skill buildingAre there skills required by your target job or skills that would make you an even better candidate for your dream company? Think of this as the equival ent of summer reading from when you were a kid. If there are classes available and it’s possible for you to take them, sign up! If there aren’t any available or they just don’t work for your schedule or budget, set aside a certain amount of time per week to do online research or talk with people who have expertise.September-October: ApplyOnce you feel like your foundations are good, start applying for job openings. Keep in mind that a lot of hiring takes place through personal recommendations and word of mouth, so also keep an eagle eye on your networks to see if anyone can help you get an in with one of your target companies.November-December: Keep up the huntKeep applying for openings as you see them, and don’t hesitate to go back to steps you completed earlier in the year if you feel the need. Always be vigilant for chances to boost your skills. Make sure your resume up-to-the-minute. Practice your suave, hire-me handshake. And don’t forget that so much of the job search is waiting for the right opportunity, so don’t be discouraged if you don’t see results right away.This yearlong roadmap is just a guide- if a different schedule works best for you, run with it! It might be that while you’re in the midst of interview bootcamp, your dream job opens up. So definitely keep an eye on opportunities throughout the year, and adjust your plan as necessary. The important part is that you’re setting a plan, and getting yourself in shape for the 2017 new-job marathon.

Sex trafficking of children and it's long term affects Assignment

Sex trafficking of children and it's long term affects - Assignment Example Children who maybe victims of sexual trafficking lack positive peer relationships which provide a platform for development of attitude skills and values and hence should be condemned(Goldstein, and Robert 5) . The act of sexual trafficking on a child leaves him/her psychologically traumatized due to the overwhelming blow of forced sex which leaves the child in a situation of self denial. The human body is made up in such a way that the gangers we experience in life tend to be connected and hence exposing the child to sex trafficking will increase the number danger occurrences in the child’s mind which in turn leads to the child living a life with a lot of fear in them(Haggerty 77). The traumatizing experience of sexual exposure leads the child to developing stressing conditions which lead them to slow remembering and thinking while exposed to situations of danger (Territoand George 89) UNICEF has been in the frontline in addressing the issue by publicizing it so that children can be saved from the act. They have opened help sub agencies in most countries which move across the whole country carrying out investigations and helping the children who open up to them. Other agencies such as the WHO have also helped in dealing with the issue due to the risk it poses on the health of the child (Territo and George 89). UNICEF and other agencies with the help of governments in all countries should publicize the issue so that people get to know the channels of acting when such issues happen. They should also educate people on the effects it has so on children so that those who do it without knowing what it would cause to the child can stop it. Bloom, Sandra. "Trauma theory abbrevated."  HOME - The OpenCUNY Academic Medium.N.p.,  Oct.  1999. Web. 31  Mar.  2014.

Spring Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Spring - Assignment Example The themes that pop up in the mind, while listening to this piece, can be linked together to form an imaginary saga. The music rejuvenates the mind with flamboyant colors and a lively weather. It populates our imagination with things that are associated with the positive memories of lives. The symphony starts with a beautiful composition of violins which gives off a lot of youthful energy. It conjures an image of a young person in the middle of the meadows. The cloudy weather and cool breeze is captivating the attention of this person. The person has nothing on his mind apart from the ambience surrounding him. His past and future are beyond him at that moment. The present is only what concerns him. He has no idea where he came from and where he is going to go. Two minutes into the symphony, a strange disturbance seems to approach that person. Perhaps some people are following him for something that he is not even aware of. He cleverly escapes from the trouble and tries to figure out why he was being chased. He then enjoys a tender meal out in the open. This whole notion emphasizes the fleeting nature of dark interludes in our lives. Whatever the story of this character may be, he just cannot let go of the beauty that surrounds him. The music does not tell much about the person but it does give a hint of royal touch to the character of the person. It sounds as if he left the royal life and all its riches to live the life of a common man and just be able to feel the blood gushing trough his veins. The music reminds us that life comes from nature and that there is nothing more beautiful than nature. Problems will come and go but one cannot forget to observe and appreciate the beauty and purity of nature because if he forgets than perhaps nat ure will forget to do the same too. The music illustrates that such joy can come after committing a noble act even if it gets us into trouble so our protagonist could have committed such an act. That would explain the

Analyse the organisational behaviour issues that contributed to the Assignment

Analyse the organisational behaviour issues that contributed to the leadership challenges at HP - Assignment Example HP began humbly at the back of its entrepreneur’s garage. Engineers David Packard and Bill Hewlett established an unconventional company in the 1950s. They wanted to build a business environment in which members were free to express their ideas and make contributions; they thus created a flat structure. Many individuals in Silicon Valley praised the organisation for its revolutionary ways. During the mid 1990s, employees had a profound respect for the institution. They carried on with their jobs despite the tumultuous environment that pervaded the IT industry. Several individuals felt loyal to the organisation even though the company had to subject them to pay cuts. Members trusted the company’s leaders as strong levels of communication existed in the organisation. These trends altered dramatically when the company decided to hire an external executive for the first time in the late 1990s. The move was initiated by the departing CEO who felt that HP had become complacen t. Some of its competitors in Silicon Valley were exemplars of innovation and growth. It was assumed that an external leader would inject the much-needed fresh insight into the company. However, such a move proved to be ill-conceived because it was the beginning of several tumultuous events in the organisation. At the beginning, CEO Fiorina seemed like a forward-thinker. She initiated various restructures within HP and even lobbied for the acquisition of a competitor - Compaq. The latter move would prove to be her downfall as it failed to yield the expected outcomes. Shortly after a period of disappointing results, Fiorina resigned and made room for Mark Hurd. He was a transformative leader who engaged with his employees. He also supervised a massive layoff and delayered the firm structures. However, he was involved in a personal scandal that led to his elimination. His replacement, Leo Apotheker, was a pale comparison to Hurd. He failed to improve stock performance and even discont inued winning strategies. The final straw fell when he bought a business analytics company called Autonomy. Stock prices decreased tumultuously thereby signalling his elimination. These leadership challenges were also amalgamated by disputes in the board. The paper will examine organisational behaviour issues that led to the firm’s woes. Analysis of the situation Leadership The situational leadership theory assumes that different situations require different leadership traits. Therefore advocates of the school of thought believe that no profile of leadership is perfect for all situations (Hope and Hendry, 1995). Instead, utmost attention should be given to the variables within a certain situation and the right approach selected for them. These variables include the nature of work tasks, peer expectations, other leaders’ expectations, the culture and climate of the organisation, and followers’ responses. In some instances, a leader may need to be a risk taker whi le in some scenarios; the person may have to exhibit nurturing traits (Buchanan and Boddy, 1992). Sometimes it may be preferable to be charismatic while in some situations it would be best to focus on results. Hewlett Packard may have benefited from applications of situational approaches to leadership during the three tenures under analysis. CEO Carl Fiorina appeared to apply the same leadership traits in divergent situations and this could have explained her dissatisfactory performance. She was highly transformative; as soon as she

Businesses desire to achieve a competitive advantage Essay

Businesses desire to achieve a competitive advantage - Essay Example The paper tells that companies that achieve a competitive advantage can exploit that edge in order to obtain higher sales than other companies in the marketplace. Organizations can achieve a competitive advantage by exploiting their brand value. A brand strategy is generated over time by investing a lot of money in advertising and marketing campaigns. Technological superiority, innovation, and patents are other ways to gain a competitive advantage. Companies that achieve a competitive advantage are able to increase their market share. These firms are also able to attract more customers than its competitors. Examples of companies that have been able to dominate an industry by gaining a competitive advantage are Starbucks Cafà ©, Microsoft, and De Beers. Microsoft utilized innovation to stay ahead of the competition. Starbucks Cafà © beat out the competition by providing a superior product and better customer service. The competitive advantage that De Beers enjoys comes from its supp ly chain superiority and access to greater sums of capital. Organizations that have a competitive advantage are able to retain more customers and build brand loyalty. Higher customer retention rates are desirable. Based on Pareto’s 80/20 rule approximately 80% of a firm’s revenues come from 20% of its customers. Most companies that are the market leaders in their respective industries reached that status by having some type of competitive advantage. Good business strategies are needed for managers to implement a competitive advantage.

Strategic Plan to Reduce Falls and all Realated Injuries on the Essay

Strategic Plan to Reduce Falls and all Realated Injuries on the Alzhiemers Disease Unit - Essay Example As the AD progresses, complex motor sequences become disorder, and this issue increases the victims’ risk of falling. In the advanced stage, AD patients will be completely dependent on their caregivers. According to the Center for Disease Control and Prevention (2014), falls and fall related injuries constituted the leading cause of both fatal and nonfatal injuries among older adults in 2010 (CDC). This paper will introduce a strategic plan to reduce falls and all related injuries in Alzheimer Disease Unit. The occurrence of falls in AD victims is very frequent and this problem results in dreadful consequences like fractures, cognitive decline, and lack of independence. Many studies have identified the fatal consequences of falls among AD patients with intend to develop potential prevention/intervention strategies. Statistical data from an Alzheimer’s disease unit in a nursing home in Chicago indicate that there have been 6-7 hips surgeries and one death resulting from fall over the last two months. According to Alzheimer’s Association (2013), 26% of the AD related hospitalizations in 2013 could be attributed to syncope, fall, and trauma. Orcioli-Silva, Simieli, Barbieri, Stella, & Gobbi1 (2012) reflect that as compared to healthy elders, elderly people with AD are highly vulnerable to falls, falling nearly 4-5 times a year. Referring to various studies, the authors add that ‘touched or stumbled on the obstacles’ constitute one of the leading causes of falls in AD patients. High cognitive load in AD patients causes motor changes, which in turn leads to decreased automated motor of gait and increased risk of falling. Kato-Narita and Radanovic (2009) clearly state that â€Å"elderly with dementia have a doubled to threefold risk for the occurrence of falls, probably due to motor impairment, attentional deficits, use of psychotropic medication, and behavioral

Businesses desire to achieve a competitive advantage Essay

Businesses desire to achieve a competitive advantage - Essay Example The paper tells that companies that achieve a competitive advantage can exploit that edge in order to obtain higher sales than other companies in the marketplace. Organizations can achieve a competitive advantage by exploiting their brand value. A brand strategy is generated over time by investing a lot of money in advertising and marketing campaigns. Technological superiority, innovation, and patents are other ways to gain a competitive advantage. Companies that achieve a competitive advantage are able to increase their market share. These firms are also able to attract more customers than its competitors. Examples of companies that have been able to dominate an industry by gaining a competitive advantage are Starbucks Cafà ©, Microsoft, and De Beers. Microsoft utilized innovation to stay ahead of the competition. Starbucks Cafà © beat out the competition by providing a superior product and better customer service. The competitive advantage that De Beers enjoys comes from its supp ly chain superiority and access to greater sums of capital. Organizations that have a competitive advantage are able to retain more customers and build brand loyalty. Higher customer retention rates are desirable. Based on Pareto’s 80/20 rule approximately 80% of a firm’s revenues come from 20% of its customers. Most companies that are the market leaders in their respective industries reached that status by having some type of competitive advantage. Good business strategies are needed for managers to implement a competitive advantage.

Why is the Kashmir dispute the oldest unresolved international Essay

Why is the Kashmir dispute the oldest unresolved international conflict in the world today - Essay Example factors including, social, cultural, religious and political have played a vital role in the process to exist Kashmir dispute as an unresolved problem. In the shadow of political crisis, there are some antisocial activities such as terrorism, fanaticism and jihad (holy war) in Kashmir region. Cases related with the violation of human rights have an integral role in the discussion, why Kashmir dispute became the oldest and unresolved international issue in the world? The people in Kashmir demands self governance and many people believe that both India and Pakistan should a positive decision in this self governance which may be a significant step in reducing the conflict. Anyhow, the conflict between the world’s newest atomic powers resulted severe security problems in Indian subcontinent. Kashmir dispute has a rich historical background and it is not only a political issue between India and Pakistan but a last long crisis having various phases. Before the time of Indian independence, the state of Jammu Kashmir was a ruled by Hari Singh, a Hindu ruler and who tried to maintain his states as independent. Because of the presence of majority Muslim people some Pakistani leaders have argued that Kashmir region belonged to Pakistan. In 1947 Pakistan sent some tribal infiltrator to catch Kashmir and the Maharaja pleaded military aid for Indian army. Maharaja had ignored the opposition of the native people and he signed the agreement of the Instrument of Accession with Indian Government. Historical studies exposes that it is this event that resulted for the so called turmoil of the people who settled in Jammu and Kashmir. While turning over the pages of history, it is quite observable that for many years the people of this region were seeking for their cultural identity. The boundary problem between India and Pakistan paved the way for the unending crisis and it had affected not only the formation of the foreign policies of India and Pakistan but also various factor

Routine Activity Theory Essay Example for Free

Routine Activity Theory Essay Routine activity theory is a sub-field of rational choice[-0] and criminology[-1], developed by Marcus Felson[-2] and Lawrence E. Cohen[-3]. Routine activity theory says that crime[-4] is normal and depends on the opportunities available. If a target is not protected enough, and if the reward is worth it, crime will happen. Crime does not need hardened offenders, super-predators, convicted felons or wicked people. Crime just needs an opportunity. The basic premise of routine activity theory is that most crimes are petty theft[-5] and unreported to the police[-6]. Crime is neither spectacular nor dramatic. It is mundane and happens all the time. Another premise is that crime is relatively unaffected by social causes such as poverty[-7], inequality[-8], unemployment[-9]. For instance, after World War II[-10], the economy of Western countries was booming and the Welfare states were expanding. During that time, crime rose significantly. According to Felson and Cohen, this is because the prosperity of contemporary society offers so much opportunities of crime: there is much more to steal. Routine activity theory can also help explain the dramatic rise in crime during the 1960s. Due to the increase in female participation in the labor market, the homes are left without a capable guardian as adult caretakers at home during the day decreased. Furthermore, rapid growth of suburbs and the decline of more traditional neighborhood, led to the decline of informal controls that would have once existed with a tightly-knit neighborhood. Lastly, with the baby-boom generation[-11] coming of age in the 1960s to the 1980s, it amounted to an excessive number of motivated offenders and crime rate predictable increased in a similar manner. With such changes in the nuclear family, more and more youths were lacking supervision, especially when both parents worked outside the home; the number of temptations increased for youth to commit crimes. [1] Routine activity theory is controversial among sociologists who believe in the social causes of crime. But several types of crime are very well explained by routine activity theory including copyright infringement[-12], related to peer-to-peer file sharing[-13], employee theft[-14], and corporate crime[-15]. For crime to be committed, three aspects are needed: 1) A Motivated Offender 2) A Suitable Target 3) The Lack of a Capable Guardian Lack of a capable guardian can range to anything that would make a suitable target easier to victimize. From a person walking alone, to a poor police presence, to anyone else who would deter a motivated offender from offending in that circumstance. It should be noted that the guardian does not have to be a person at all, nor does the suitable target; there are many examples of objects and environmental designs that act as a guardians or security measures to deter motivated offenders as well. This branches into the realm of CPTED[-16] (crime prevention through environmental design) where seemingly small measures like the addition of lights, fences, better locks, open or visible areas and security cameras act as the capable guardian and can prevent crime against a suitable target, in this case a building, park or other areas. [1] Furthermore, crimes rate if generally proportional to the number of motivated offenders, such as teenagers and unemployed people, in the population. Of course, motivation can be lowered when legitimate means are available for offenders to achieve their goals. Motivation can increase, when the option of crime is the only viable choice available for an offender to achieve their goals. Another deterrence that influences the routine activities that produces crime is the moral beliefs and socialization of the offender. If a person has been socialized to hold conventional beliefs, even in the presence of criminal opportunities, offenders would refrain from crime. Such is the strength of social bonds that serve as a buffer to counteract the lure of criminal activities. A criticism of routine activity theory states that opportunities to commit crime by youth do not generally lead to a crime committed when the parental controls are missing. Also suggesting that routine activity fails to ignore other theories in relation to the causes of crime, such associal learning theory[-17]. Another criticism of this theory says that even though opportunities for crime are high when both parents are involved in the workforce, crime can also be displaced to an area where there is low supervision by parents. Meaning regardless of situation, crime will still occur.

Photography boundaries and uses

Photography boundaries and uses Photography from its very beginning served in a beneficial manner to democratize portraiture, expanding its boundaries and traditional uses. It no longer remained as an exclusive privilege of the aristocracy, the only class to afford it. By expanding its periphery, photographic portraiture not only complicated its function, but raised several intriguing issues in the new domains it spread to. By far, it complicated issues of identity and self-representation. Portraiture which was a means of re-asserting social status now opened up questions of gender, sexuality, and ethnicity. So how did portraiture overcome its narrow boundaries? It is important for us here, to trace a brief history of the creation of identity in photographic portraiture because our modern vision of constructing identities has important historical precedents. The development of photographic portraiture occurs at a unique point in history the time of the Industrial Revolution in Europe and America. It thus coincided with the ascendency of the middle class into the domains of finance and culture. The newly acquired wealth of the bourgeoisie was spent lavishly on all kinds of goods, mostly in a way to emulate the lifestyle of the aristocracy. Just as a king would inscribe his victory pillar with his achievements to stand against the tide of time, the newly emerging bourgeoisie etched their arrival on the photographic paper. It is to be borne in mind that portraits were always meant for public display and enter into a dialogue with the world at large, even when they were limited to private consumption. Representing their opulent lifestyle in the portraits, the bourgeoisie at one stroke could visually affirm their social status to the world at large, as well as pose a constant challenge to the aristocratic monopoly of signs. Photographic portraiture during this time (mid 19th century) could basically be divided into the bourgeois family photo and individuals (men) of great success (not those who enjoy greater rights and privileges due to high birth). This clearly demarcated the private and the public sphere of the bourgeoisie. The middle-class ideals of the family and success were comprehensively treated in the photographic studios of the major cities where, the bourgeois body was situated within a network of cultural, social and ideological relations. Through these discourses between the body and the camera, a moral icon was being cultivated. There began to emerge a set of codes vis-à  -vis posture, expression, lighting, dress, etc which were evoking a middle-class cultural ideal. These were aimed to be an inspirational and moral source for the working classes. It was in the portrait of the family that struggles over representation of gender and interaction between the sexes began to peek its head. Although during Enlightenment there was a universal climate of liberty and equality and a general freedom for the woman, it was contested by a large majority of male thinkers. Historically significant writings of Rousseau and studies in the Encyclopaedia of the latter half of the 18th century conclude on the basis of female biological dispositions, that women are â€Å"unequal but complementary partner of men†, â€Å"the destiny of women is to have children and nourish them.† The emerging middle-class reformers and professionals by the 19th century had idealized the structure of family and pre-disposed social roles on the basis of gender, through the field of science, popular literature, sermons, etc. Let us analyze this photo belonging to the 1850s to further illustrate this view. A typical Victorian elderly couple is represented in the centre of the frame. The husband is facing the camera with a rather powerful authority which comes through in his intent vision. He is in the front, seated on a chair, and it is evident that he assumes full control of decision-making in the family. His wife on the other hand, comes across as a fragile dutiful figure on the back. It appears as if in reality, she is relegated to the background, almost without any assertive power in the family unit. It is this system of differences the camera captures that underlines the textured fabric of dominant social relations. The creation of identity in photographic portraiture is thus anchored firmly in a set of economic, political and social underpinnings. In the idealized Victorian family photo below, the family unit is presented in a ritualized display, oddly superficial in content and with the hierarchy of the domestic cult being apparently visible. The photo is of Sir Richard Strachey, a colonial administrator, soldier, botanist and engineer and his family engaged in a parlour game. In the other family photo, the male figure is seen to enact the role of the family-head, whose expressions and gestures are carefully rooted in the middle-class ideological terrain. The wife is a rather subdued entity. With passive children on display by their sides and bound to each other by cords of reciprocal love and obligation, the members of the family typified a whole new commitment to a domestic ideal. The space within which they were placed to photographed most often i.e. the photographers studio went a long way in reinforcing their social identities. It was basically a fabricated space, with various props for various occasions. Carefully altered according to needs, it served as the bourgeois drawing room, the balcony, and the like; they were symbols of middle-class recreation and leisure. Dotted with objects of art and cultivated taste, these spaces had the potential of conveying the bourgeois milieu. With the bourgeois coming into prominence and replacing the aristocracy of the ‘Ancien Regime, it was time that photography brought into the domains of visibility those so far neglected, not represented those ‘invisible. It was due to surveillance, almost, that the colonized subjects with their distinct ‘otherness or in other words ethnicity, and the labouring classes driving the capitalist machinery, came into the visual sphere. One of the striking features at a glance is how these classes are represented they are made to confront the camera, almost come to terms with its gaze. The blunt frontality shows a complete lack of sophistication which is markedly different from the cultivated asymmetries of the bourgeois pose. This middle-class awareness, that the body when carefully positioned always served as a cultural and class signifier, explains why they were never in conflict with the camera. - How has then modern contemporary photography dealt with the issue of identity in terms of gender, the public or private self or even sexuality? One of the significant changes which had occurred through the passage of time was the representation of women in photography. Be it in the workplace or on private dining table, images of women changed radically being more assertive, independent. They had over time, gained social and political rights and were enacting various roles at the same time the professional, the wife, the mother and the like. Thus representation of women in the workplace became an intense subject, especially during the time of Margaret Thatcher in Britain. But with unemployment rising to unprecedented levels during the 1980s, photography revealed shocking truths. It was found that women were mostly employed in low-paid professions or part time and faced several discriminatory practices with regard to class, gender and ethnicity at the workplace. In 1986-87, Rhonda Wilson presenting an oppositional view through her images, produced a striking series of work- drawing in heavily from popular imagery and signs and underlined with satire. In the photo below, which exploits the format of the beauty contest with sashes and higher pedestals, women with the worst weekly income levels are presented as three winners. They are represented in their professional capacities with each one holding props related to their work. Their expressions clearly reveal the irony. Thus it brought to the forefront important questions of womens role in the modern society and also in the male-dominated ‘workplace. It also revealed the sexual division of labour i.e. traditional feminine occupations being grossly underpaid. In another interesting take on the subject is Debbie Humphreys project of the 1990s Gender Crossings focussing on relationships between the sexes in the workplace. The women in this series of images, have disregarded the so-called gender boundaries and entered the domain of â€Å" mens † work. These women blend in with their male counterparts and have strangely subdued femininity. In the image below, we see three employees in a typical office environment. At a glance, it is hard to identify that the central figure is a female due to her cropped hair, guardedly crossed arms to conceal the breast and her typically male attire. The woman is flanked by one male colleague on either side who seem to be quite comfortable in presenting themselves in the particular environment. Standing firmly these men appear as intimidating to the female colleague, whose posture and expression testify to the fact. The picture raises important questions of why the female has chosen a male dress-code. Is it to be at par with the men in the profession? To legitimise her presence? In any case, the power structure of the place is clearly shown. Issues of representation become more complex when this woman professional also has to run the household. In Jacqueline Sarsbys photo-documentary series on the agricultural labour she portrays this dual role of ordinary working women in small English farms.

The Character of Marlow in Joseph Conrads Heart of Darkness :: Heart Darkness essays

The Character of Marlow in The Heart of Darkness  Ã‚      The Heart of Darkness may just be the title of a book to some people, but I believe that it goes much deeper than that. I think that this title describes the books main character, Charlie Marlow. Throughout this story I saw the many confusing and ever changing sides of Marlow’s character and his heart of darkness.    Charlie Marlow appeared to be a man of great pride and civilization. He always spoke very proper and was a classic example of a man of his time. Throughout this novel though, this painted image I have of Marlow begins to slowly drip away.    There were several instances where I was confused about Marlow. The first one was at the very beginning of the story. Marlow began talking about his childhood and how he had dreamed of becoming a captain or a skipper on one of the glorious steamboats. He went on and on about it in such great detail that you almost began to believe that he was a captain, though he was only a young boy at the time. His determination and love seemed eternal, and nothing was going to take his dream away from him. At least that is what we were lead to believe. Marlow soon grew old and so did his dream. I slowly saw the determination side of Marlow slipping away into the river along with his childhood vision of being a captain. I didn’t think that something like age would stop Marlow from taking on this challenge. After he talked about it so much you would think only death itself would stop him. Unfortunately, Marlow gave up and decided to move on with his life. That was the way it was going to have to be, or so he thought.    I saw Marlow as a seemingly comfortable old man now. He didn’t have his dream job, but he was still well off. One day though Marlow’s fantasy job basically just fell into his lap. A steamboat captain was killed and Marlow was not about to let another soul take this job away from him. He was fixed to get the job, but wasn’t sure how to get it himself This is where I start

Rich Christians Living in a Poor World :: Free Essays

"Let them eat cake" -- Marie-Antoinette "The poor you will always have with you" -- Matthew 26:11 There is a difference in wealth between the north/south divide. The Rich north obtains nearly four fifths of the worlds income whereas the Poor South has only one fifth. The North is rich and the South is poverty-stricken. By the word "rich I mean in a material sense - the north has plenty of material and financial wealth whereas the South has very little. However, for many people in the south, being materially wealthy is not something they desire, and they are therefore spiritually rich. It is impossible for many in the Rich North to be spiritually rich "oh how hard it is for the rich to enter the kingdom of God". Although, if they were to share their riches with the poor (as the bible encourages them to do) then having money, when used for the benefit of others is a good thing. 'For the love of money is the root of all evil: which while some coveted after, they have erred from the faith, and pierced themselves through with many sorrows.' Timothy 6:10. It is possible for world equality to be accomplished. The amount of money that requires appears a lot but when compared with the amount spent in HDC's on various things (such as cosmetics and ice cream) it appears to be a small amount. The following statistics are taken from the 1999 United Nations Human Development Report. Basic education, water and sanitation, and basic health and nutrition for every human on the planet would cost $28 billion. But that is $8 billion less than is spent on American cosmetics, ice cream in Europe and pet foods combined. It is thought by many that having no rich Christians while there is poverty in the world would be ridiculous. Having a certain number of rich Christians means that charities are able to operate. These charities help not only materially poor but spiritually poor to gain a better standard of life (before and after death.) If the Christians

Online Examination Portal

INTRODUCTION About The Project The project, â€Å"Online Examination Portal† aims at creating a common platform for the college administration to conduct online (objective) examination for students of every semester of the institution on a regular basis or in regular intervals of time as desired by the administration. With this site, the institute can register and host online exams. Students can give exams and view their results. This site is an attempt to remove the existing flaws in the manual system of conducting exams.Purpose The client here, the college administration uses MS Excel, and maintains the student records, however it is not possible them to share the data from multiple system in multi user environment, there is lot of duplicate work, and chance of mistake. When the records are changed they need to update each and every excel file. There is no option to find and print previous saved records. There is no security; anybody can access any report and sensitive data, also no reports to summary report.This Online Examination Portal is used to overcome the entire problem which they are facing currently, and making complete atomization of manual system to computerized system. Students can give exam without the need of going to any physical destination. They can view the result instantly at the end of the examination session. Thus the purpose of the site is to provide a system that saves the efforts and time of both the institutes and the students.What is Online Examination Portal all about? Online Examination Portal is a web application that establishes a network between the institutes and the students. Institutes enter on the site the questions they want in the exam. These questions are displayed as a test to the eligible students. The answers given by the students are then evaluated and their score is calculated and saved. This score then can be accessed by the institutes to determine and evaluate their performance.

Should a Piece of Literature Be Judged on Its Literary Merits Alone, Regardless of Its Historical Context?

Steven Brust once wrote: â€Å"In my opinion, the proper way to judge a novel is this: Does it give one an accurate reflection of the moods and characteristics of a particular group of people in a particular place at a particular time? If so, it has value. Otherwise, it has none. † (Brust, Steven. 2005. Sethra Lavode). Brust, quite clearly has joined this debate regarding literary theories. He claims that if aspects of literary piece, aside from its own merits, are not significant then it has no worth.It is continually and widely argued by critics of literature whether a book should be based on its literary merits alone, or if only certain aspects, such as history, regarding its writing should be relevant. The relationship between history and literary work is often questioned. There are four main models that have been devised to explain this. The first regards a piece literary work as universal and belonging to no time period. The model states that historical context has no si gnificance in literary texts, and that both should remain autonomous from each other.Critics are concerned with literary texts being artefacts in themselves that surpass the possibilities of a particular time, thus the idea of specific historical context is dismissed. R. S. Crane supports this view and in an essay said history is part of â€Å"the general history of culture† whereas literature should be â€Å"imaginative works considered with respect to those qualities which can truly be said to be timeless†¦ quite apart from any knowledge of their origin or historical affiliation† (Crane, Ronald. 1967. History versus Criticism in the study of literature’, in The idea of the Humanities and Other Essays Critical and Historical, Vol. 2. Chicago: University of Chicago Press). In short, this model centres around the basis that a literary work should be judged on its, as Crane said, ‘timeless qualities’ for example the quality of its linguistic feat ures and other aspects that give a work literary merits. The second model regarding history and literature is based on the idea that the historical context of a literary piece helps lead to proper understanding of it.A text is produced within a certain historical context but this should remain separate from the literary context. This model is often favoured by critics that analyse literary texts by considering their historical background and context. This can be regarded to any aspect whether it is: political, cultural or linguistic. A 1934 study by Basil Willey: The Seventeenth Century Background: Studies in the Thought of the Age in Relation to Poetry and Religion shows even by its title a support for this model.It is implied that Willey and similar critics agree that historical context forms a foundation of understanding when studying a literary text. They would argue that literary work in order to be analysed must be understood and to be understood needs to be looked at in respe cts to its historical context. The third model when looking at the relationship between pieces of literature and history is essentially the opposite of the second. It centres on the idea that a literary piece can help us understand the time in which it is set.This is explanation talks about realist texts in particular and how they can provide creative depictions of historical events or periods. It assumes that literary texts are almost subordinate to their historical context and they are reflections of their time. For example Keith Thomas appeals to Shakespeare to justify this point of view: â€Å"In Shakespeare’s plays, the curses pronounced by the characters invariably work†¦ not just for dramatic effect† but that â€Å"it as a moral necessity that the poor and the injured should be believed to have this power of retaliation when all else failed† (Thomas, Keith. 971. Religion and the Decline of Magic: Studies in Popular Beliefs in Sixteenth and Century En gland. London: Wensfield and Nicolson). This model is known as the reflective approach, it regards literary work as an aid to develop our knowledge of history using the historical context of a literary piece. The last model regarding literature and history is probably the most complex, though it is also seen as the most interesting to theorists. It claims that literary texts are connected with other discourses and this makes literature itself a part of history that is continually being written.Critics that agree with this theory, widely known as ‘new historicists’, argue that the question of the relationship between history and literature is wrong; despite their differences the last three models assume that ‘history’ and ‘literature’ are fundamentally separate. They distinguish between the interpretations of literary texts and the transparency of history. Stephen Greenblatt writes in an essay: â€Å"methodological and self-conscious is one of the distinguishing marks of the new historicism in cultural studies as opposed to historicism based upon faith in the transparency of signs and nterpretive procedures† (Greenblatt, Stephen. 1990. ‘Towards a poetic of Culture’, in Learning to Curse: Essays in Early Modern Culture. London: Routledge). Hence, new historicists argue that the making of the literary texts is a cultural practice, and only differ in their specific mode. No absolute distinction can be made between literary and other cultural practices. Theorists such as Hayden White, claim that this model implies that just like literary texts the ‘facts’ of history need to be read (tracing the past is similar to telling a story).In an extract from White’s book, Tropics of Discourse: Essays in Cultural Criticism, He writes: Histories ought never to be read as unambiguous signs†¦ but rather as symbolic structures, extended metaphors, that ‘liken’ the events reported in t hem to some form with which we have already become familiar in our literary culture†¦ By the very constitution of a set of events in such a way as to make a comprehensible story out of them, the historian changes those events with the symbolic significance of a comprehensible plot structure. (White, Hayden. 1991. Tropics of Discourse: Essays in Cultural Criticism.Baltimore: The John Hopkins University Press) Considering this we would come to the conclusion that methods of (critical) analysis should be suitable for both history and literary texts. In short, a new historicist perspective think that in the reading of a literary text the idea of historical context cannot be settled, and that this context is decided by a negotiation between the text and the reader Ultimately, the majority of literary theorists fall on the side that accepts the use and aid historical context when critically analysing a literary text.Only the first model seems to completely disregard historical contex t in literary work for the belief that a piece of literature should be ‘timeless’. The second and third model accept historical context as part of the method of analysing a literary piece. However, still confidently differentiate between literature and history, they are seen as merely aids for each other.The last model is set apart from the rest as it does not polarise the categories and treats them as to intertwine subjects that cannot be considered without each other. In my opinion historical context should be relevant to the reading of literary text, it is inevitable that the two should overlap especially during an in depth analysis of a literary text.

Network Security Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Network Security - Assignment Example However, to support these services on the current network, several considerations are required in the following domains: Network Type i.e. client/server Network Technology i.e. size, speed, and scale requirements Network Cabling i.e. considering supported data rates and security Network Interfaces & Protocols Network Services Requirements Data and Network Security Requirements Network Performance Requirements Compatibility Requirements 2 What is ISMS? The ISMS for Mr. Manos Llewellyn should consist of Policies, Processes, Guidelines, Standards, and tools. Likewise, in order to make this system a successful for Mr. Manos Llewellyn, it contains five key elements. The first component is CONTROL. The control establishes a framework and distributes responsibilities in order to develop an environment for implementing the ISMS for Mr. Manos Llewellyn. The next key element is PLAN. The Plan defines the service level agreements as per business requirements, foundation of contracts, operationa l level agreements, and policy statements for Mr. Manos Llewellyn. All these components included in the planning are based on the requirements of the business. After the completion of control and plan, the next key element is to IMPLEMENT all these components. Implementation involves creating knowledge and consciousness along with categorization and listing of assets. Moreover, personnel security and physical security related to theft is implemented. Likewise, implementation element also involves security related to network, applications and computing devices. In addition, configuration and management of access rights and contingency planning of security incident processes is also a part of this element. All of the three elements control, plan and implement lays a foundation of a structure for Mr. Manos Llewellyn. After the deployment of ISMS structure, the next key element is EVALUATE. The evaluation consists of internal and external auditing of the processes that are implemented i n the previous three phases. Moreover, self-assessment is also conducted, along with security incident evaluation. For instance, if there is a breach in security, the security management processes ensure to deal with security incidents. The last key element is MAINTAIN. This phase frequently monitors processes including security management, new threats, vulnerabilities and risks. These elements, do not only monitors these processes, but also improve processes where required , and if there are certain processes that needs to be improved for Mr. Manos Llewellyn, the ISMS cycle start from the first key element i.e. CONTROL. 3 ISMS Scoping A good definition of ISMS is defined as (Humphreys 2007) â€Å"An information security management system (ISMS) includes all of the policies, procedures, plans, processes, practices, roles, responsibilities, resources, and structures that are used to protect and preserve information. It includes all of the elements that organizations use to manage an d control their information security risks. An ISMS is part of a larger management system†. The goal is to protect the information for Mr. Manos Llewellyn, as well as its customers. The ISO/IEC has established two standards that emphasize of ISMS. The ISO/IEC 17799 is a code for information security management. It is the framework or a system that is based on certain processes, to ensure that organizations achieve their information

Impact of the new English as a Second Language Curricula Research Proposal

Impact of the new English as a Second Language Curricula - Research Proposal Example The school district has recently implemented new English as a Second Language curricula in its elementary, middle, and high schools. Implementation has been quite expensive, involving the purchase of instructional materials and computer software, teacher and staff training, and the use of consultants to guide implementation. The district would like to study the effectiveness of the new curricula, looking at issues such as the impact on student English. language proficiency, student academic progress overall, student, family, and teacher satisfaction with the curricula, and implementation issues. This investigation will attempt to answer the following research questions: 1. Is there student satisfaction with the new ESL curricula in Eastside District high schools? 2. Is there family satisfaction with the new ESL curricula in Eastside District high schools? 3. Is there teacher satisfaction with the new ESL curricula in Eastside District high schools? 4. Is there overall satisfaction wi th the new ESL curricula in Eastside District high schools? 5. Which aspect/s of the new ESL curricula provide the most satisfaction? 6. Which aspect/s of the new ESL curricula provide the least satisfaction? In order to answer these research questions, this study will test the following research hypotheses: 1. It is hypothesized that students are satisfied with the new ESL curricula. 2. It is hypothesized that families are satisfied with the new ESL curricula. 3. It is hypothesized that teachers are satisfied with the new ESL curricula. 4. It is hypothesized that a number of aspects of the new ESL curricula need to be focused on and improved. II. Research Design This research study will use a descriptive survey approach in order to determine the level of satisfaction of teachers, students, and families utilizing the new ESL curricula. A descriptive research design usually answers the question â€Å"what is† and is, therefore, appropriate research design for the investigation at hand since the investigation is interested in finding out what the level of satisfaction is among stakeholders of the new ESL curricula (Creswell, 2003). III. Setting and Sample The research study will be conducted at six randomly selected Eastside District High Schools, High School A, High School B, High School C, High School D, High School E, and high School F. These high schools will be chosen using stratified random sampling. First, a list of all High Schools from the Eastside District will be acquired.  

Elasticity of Demand Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Elasticity of Demand - Essay Example When one of these two changes, the other also tends to change. This tendency is very well described by what is popularly known as Law of Demand. The law of Demand is a general law which need not be applicable in all situations. In certain situations this law seems to be unrealistic. The Law of Demand states that when the price increases, the quantity demanded decreases and vice versa, other things remaining the same. The phrase 'other things remain the same' is an important one that it portrays the exceptions of Law of Demand. The Law of Demand, therefore postulates the direction of change in one variable (price or quantity) due to the change in other variable. The law is silent about the magnitude of change. That means, it does not talk anything about the degree by which demand changes as a result of a change in price. Here lies the importance of Elasticity of Demand. This concept tells us the extent to which demand increases or decreases owing to a decrease or increase in price. Th erefore, Law of Demand is a qualitative measurement whereas Elasticity of Demand is a quantitative measurement. As stated earlier, elasticity is a measure of responsiveness of quantity demanded for a change in price. ... Mathematically, it may be computed as: (Moffatt Mike: Elasticity of Demand) To calculate percentage change in quantity and percentage change in price, the following formulae can be sued: % change in quantity = Quantity (new) - Quantity (old) / Quantity (old) (Moffatt Mike: Elasticity of Demand) % change in Price = Price (new) - Price (old) / Price (old) (Moffatt Mike: Elasticity of Demand) Price Elasticity of Demand The Price Elasticity of Demand is the measure of responsiveness of quantity demand of a product as a result of change in its own price. This is also known as Own Price Elasticity of Demand. This theory measures the rate of response of quantity demanded due to change in price. Price Elasticity is a common phenomenon because price and demand are the two closely related variables. In other words, price is the most important determinant of demand. Price of a product and its demand are negatively correlated, which means when price increases, demand decreases and vice versa. Mathematically, price elasticity of demand can be expressed as below: Price Elasticity of Demand = (% Change in quantity demanded)/ (% change in price) (Moffatt Mike: Price Elasticity of Demand) % Change in quantity demanded = Quantity (new) - Quantity (old) / Quantity (old) (Moffatt Mike: Price Elasticity of Demand) % change in price = Price (new) - Price (old) / Price (old) (Moffatt Mike: Price Elasticity of Demand) Significance of Price Elasticity The calculation of price elasticity alone is not sufficient to an economist for decision making. It is a means to an end. Thus, interpretation is more important than computation. The purpose of calculating elasticity is for analyzing how sensitive is the demand for the product due to a

Cathedral Basilica of St. Peter and Paul Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Cathedral Basilica of St. Peter and Paul - Essay Example Shrines, temples and any other stationary fixtures housing sacred deeds mark sacred sites. Temples can function as churches, synagogues, mosques or congregational meeting places. A site like altars contains holy objects and designated sacred spaces within a building. Sacred buildings may be used for congregational gatherings during the occasions for making sacred time. Examples of sacred building are prayer rugs, tallit’s and Torah scrolls, altars or objects, shrines, roadside memorials and other portable sacred spaces for prayer, sacrifice, etc. Architecture and art have led to the design of sacred places like altars that appear elevated within a building space. Designs of the altar may signify that the place is sacred like decorating them with the purple color, etc. The general design of sacred places and building distinctively identifies the area from other ordinary structures by having some prominent signs on them e.g. the signs of the cross on top of the roofs of any Catholic churches. Art and idolatry are interconnected like Iconoclasts (Jews, Muslims, Catholics and some Protestant churches) consider images and statues to be idolatrous, and these mostly are forbidden in their religious laws. Icons in some churches serve as focal points for encountering God. According to Tillich, history moves from powers of origin, with their legitimate unjust structures of traditional domination by prophetic criticism and kairos to fulfillment based on justice structures. The whole process being one of sacramental participation to end in culminating sacrament of theology. Secular history manifests autonomous movement parallel to that of ecclesia-movement of its Catholic sacred substance through independent yet prophetic principle to the fulfillment of both religious and its prophetic elements. There is a paradox at the coupling of art and sacred places. They seem naturally apt to one another, similar to present forms of sacred and art are both

Persuasive research paper-- quit smoking Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Persuasive research paper-- quit smoking - Essay Example dangerous smoking really is, the other day I saw a video of a man who was coughing incessantly and I saw him bleed and this really scared me to an unprecedented extent. I am completely motivated and geared up to stop smoking, I remember I smoked for the very first time when I was young and I knew nothing about the damage which smoking could cause, I got to know about the damage only later on and I have been trying hard to quit but the temptation always lingers on and it is quite hard to stop it but this time around I am going to do it and I have already been quite successful. I do not even remember the last time that I smoked and this I think is really a big achievement for me and I am going to carry on and completely stop it because I have realized that it is really dangerous and can cause lung cancer, I have already seen enough pain and suffering in those videos. Those videos have been really useful and have motivated me to quit. Chewing gum has also helped me a ton, whenever I feel the urge to smoke I start chewing and this has been of great help to me, the urge to smoke goes away as soon as I pop it into my mouth and the urge to smoke instantly goes away. â€Å"Nicotine replacement therapies work by giving you a small amount of nicotine, but without the dangerous effects of inhaling tobacco smoke. This helps relieve the withdrawal symptoms and cravings for a cigarette that you get when you stop smoking, and allows you to get on with breaking the psychological habit of smoking. If you are physically addicted to nicotine, using NRT has been shown to almost double your chances of successfully quitting smoking.† (Nicorette Gum) This idea was first suggested to me by a good friend and I tried it and it works like a charm for me, the first time I tried it and I was very happy with the results and I knew this was going to save me, I have bought several gums to help me quit. These are a couple of ideas that have really helped me, discipline in life is really

Conflict in Sudan Essay Example for Free

Conflict in Sudan Essay There have been many conflicts in different regions of the world, causing a lot of effects to the humanity and the natural environment, which has always remained a silent victim. Many people have been killed because of these conflicts, while causing lot of devastating effects to the environment. During the war, a lot of pollutants are released to the environment which ends up affecting human beings and the natural resources. Other resources are depleted in the ensuing conflicts. The major concerns on the current issues about conflicts, both internal and regional are found in the developing countries. These countries do not have the economic capacity to deal with the conflict situation, hence making the problems even worse (IRIN, 2007). Africa has had along time history of civil war from the colonial times, and many are still evidenced today. Â  Most of the African nations fight over borders, which were mostly demarcated by the colonialists. These are regional conflicts, while internal conflicts arises due to the people fighting for scarce natural resources, for instance fertile farming land, and water. The Sudanese president is a wanted man on the list of the International Criminal Court (ICC) for crimes against humanity in the conflict that has been taking place in the country for almost 20 years, leaving hundreds of thousands of people dead (Goldberg, 2009). Causes and Effects of War in Sudan There has been a long civil war in Southern Sudan that has led to the international community through the United Nations and the African union to try and broker peace. The war witnessed in the region is considered as a fight between the different ethnic and tribal groups (IRIN, 2007). The mostly known conflicting groups are the government side and the Janjaweed rebel group. There is however other smaller rebel groups that have complicated the matter further. The major cause of the war in Sudan has been attributed to fighting for water between the Baggara nomads who moved to the South (an area occupied by the farming community), in search of water. This conflict has led to many deaths in the region, despite the presence of the peace forces. There are other reasons that have been cited as having contributed to the conflict, although the major reason has been the increase in population which the natural resources are not able to hold, hence making the groups to fight over the scarce resources. On the other hand, there have been claims that the Arab dominants, who are Muslims, have been fighting the Black Africans, who are mostly Christians to wipe them from the region. This is what has led to the US declaring this to be a form of genocide, which has taken place under the watch of President Al Bashir who the ICC wants arrested for the crimes (Goldberg, 2009). As already mentioned, the war was triggered by fighting for scarce resources, which was water. However, considering the continued fights, the environment is even endangered more, making it more impossible to support the population. This on the other hand aggravates the situation when the natural resources are not able to support them. The conflict over resources in Sudan started at a local level in Darfur region, but developed into becoming a national issue whereby economic and political marginalization has been heightened. The situation has been made worse because of ethnicity differences. Therefore, despite economic and political and religious factors contributing to the conflict in Darfur Sudan, the major problem has surrounded the environment. The Sudanese Arabs who are nomads moved southwards in search of greener pastures and water for their animals and entered the territory of the Black farmers, leading to the two groups to conflict. The Black farmers complained to the Khartoum government, but on realizing that the government was not keen on solving the problem, the Black farmers rebelled against the government. This rebellion led to fighting between the people, destroying a lot of property, both manmade and naturally (Borger, 2007). The two groups fighting each other have distinct life styles, hence through their fights; each tries to destroy the strategic areas that the other depends on, as a way of weakening them. For instance, the nomads usually would graze their animals on the crops of the farmers, destroying their source of livelihood. On the other hand, the farmers set the grazing land for the nomads on fire so that they lack animal feeds. Furthermore, as the nomads are known of moving from one region o another in search of greener pastures, the farmers have blocked their migration paths, forcing them to overgraze in one region, hence also affecting their source of livelihood. Such actions from both camps have made the situation to be worse as the conflict continues. Many of the refugees from Sudan have fled to the neighboring countries like Chad. The asylums in the neighboring countries have not made the refugees completely safe, but have even put the lives of the residents of the host country in danger. This is because the Janjaweed rebels have been following the refugees to their camps, and attacking them from there. This has made the residents in the host country who live near the refugee camps to move away from them to areas that are more secure. In essence, the citizens have been made insecure in their own land. This on the other hand might thus cause conflict between the refugees and the citizens of the host country, which again might rise to the national level (Gouroukoun, 2006). Conclusion The major effect of the Sudan’s conflict has been on the number of the people who have been killed. This is basically a major concern to everybody, including the humanitarian groups that are mostly found in Sudan, and the international community. However, it has to be understood that since the Sudan conflict is directly linked to the natural resources, which is an environmental, issue, the conflict has continued to affect the environment even to higher magnitude. The Arab Sudanese have always been cutting trees which the farmers have planted in their farms, as well as grazing on the farmers’ crops. On the other hand, the farmers have been burning the grazing land for the nomads. All these actions have got detrimental effects to the environment. The nomads moved southwards in search of greener pastures, yet they are cutting the trees that are important in rain formation, then it is obvious that a dry spell would be in the region for a long time. On the other hand, as the Black farmers burn the grazing ground, this also affects their farming activities since important macro organisms are killed. Therefore, all these environmental impacts would make the conflict to remain for a long time as long the involved bodies are only concerned with solving the immediate humanitarian crisis, rather than looking at the root cause of the problem, and how to avert it occurring in future. Reference: Borger, Julian (2007). Darfur conflict heralds era of wars triggered by climate change, UN report warns. Retrieved on March 24, 2009 from http://www.guardian.co.uk/environment/2007/jun/23/sudan.climatechange. Goldberg, M. L. (2009). The President of Sudan to be a Wanted War Criminal, retrieved on March 24, 2009 from http://www.undispatch.com/node/7698. Gouroukoun (2006). Chadians Increasingly Feel Impact of Darfur Conflict, Retrieved on March 24, 2009, from http://www.voanews.com/english/archive/2006-04/2006-04-21-voa44.cfm. IRIN. (2007). Sudan: Climate change only one cause among many for Darfur conflict, retrieved on March 24, 2009 from http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/library/news/2007/06/mil-070628-irin03.htm.

The Importance Of Having Good Communication Skills English Language Essay

The Importance Of Having Good Communication Skills English Language Essay Introduction Most of us know the importance of having a good communication skill if we want to have a successful career and enjoy a harmonious interpersonal relationship with people. But it is quite another story for us to practice it appropriately in our daily life. In this paper we focus on some necessary steps of acquiring a good communication skill which includes how to reduce communication noise, non-verbal communication, and suggestions to practice communication skill properly. I shall first present a communication event at the beginning. This event happened in a clinic between a dentist and a patient. Due to the dentists good understanding of verbal communication, and well-acquired non-verbal communication technique, he finally succeed in persuading his patient to accept dental treatment. Details on the analysis and related communication theories based on the event will be discussed in later sections. Mr Smith was an experienced dentist. Many of his previously satisfied patients became his loyal customers due to his excellent medical skill and thoughtful service. One day, a man dragged a little girl into his clinic. The girl was about 7 years old. An anxious expression was wearing on her small tearstained face. Her frightened eyes told Smith that she did really scare of being taken to see a dentist and her stiffed body showed that she would never be willing to accept any dental treatments. The girls father was at a loss for what to do to coax his daughter to accept treatment. Mr Smith smiled at the girl and approached to her, spoke to the girl in a gentle tone Darling, what makes you so scary? People hate dentist, so do I. Seeing a dentist hurts a lot, the girl answered with tearful eyes. Mr Smith knew it clearly that many children can not endure dental treatment due to fear. But he is experienced enough to cope with such problem. He explained the process of treatment in details i n a way that a child can understand in a mild tone. Mr Smith noticed that she has stopped shedding tears. He added If you behaved well during the treatment, you can choose a small toy to reward yourself for your great courage. Mr Smith smiled at her with a toy box waving in his hand. Thanks to the patience and kindness of Mr Smith, the girl finally accepted the treatment readily. Again he built a new good relationship with his patient. When we consider why and how Mr Smith wins his patients trust and loyalty, it is obvious that his success is inseparable from his distinguished communication skills. For supporting my viewpoint I will analyze Mr Smiths effective communication with related theories and authoritative opinions from authorities and books. Communication noise is an obstacle blocks the way of receivers receive our messages. Communication noise includes mechanical noise, semantic noise and psychological noise. Communication noise is something refers to have a profound impact on effective communication which influences the interpretation of conversations (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Communication_noise December 2009). The basis of communication is the interaction between people. However the barriers built by communication noise prevent us from properly percepting others intentions during the interaction of a communication. How did Mr Smith deal with these noises? Firstly is the trouble brought by mechanical noise. Mechanical noise is actual physical interference with the signal (Mohan et al. 1997, p. 7). In dentist Mr Smiths clinic the main mechanical noise is the noise generated by the dental drill. As Mr Smith is a thoughtful man he offers a separated waiting room especially designed for his patients which decorated wi th lovely ornaments, so that the noise from the consulting room can be isolated. Thus, the quite environment made by Mr Smith can enable him to make a more effective communication with his patients. Secondly is the Semantic noise. Semantic noise is the study of meaning. (Mohan et al. 1997, p. 7) For our receivers can understand our messages fully. We should choose words carefully. The words should be chosen within the understanding ability of receivers that is simple but concise to the point. We must take our receivers age, gender, religion, education, career, culture, and cognition into consideration. Carl Rogers, based on his experience as a psychotherapist, contends that the major barrier to interpersonal empathy is our very natural tendency to judge, to evaluate, to approve (or disapprove) the statement of the other person or the other group (Nebell, 1991, P. 217) That is our interpretation of some words and phrases are tend to distort the meaning of the communication by nature. For avoiding distortion and misunderstanding, Mr Smith chose his words mainly according to his patients age. Mr Smith tried to use simple and short words to communicate with his little patient. We can infer that long and complex words can only confused the little girl. What is worse it may make her distorts the meaning. Since the girl has bias toward dental treatment. Mr Smith also avoided to describe the oral surgery in a professional way with terminology instead he use interesting and vivid analogy to let the girl understand that the surgery is good to her health and easy. Then on the basis of the girls cognition, he simply told what should the girl to do during the treatment. He use proper words wisely simplified the concept of dental treatment in her mind. Those words have made a great contribution to diminish the fear inside of the girl. Thirdly is the psychological noise. Psychological noise is use of language or other communication symbols can set up emotional barriers betwe en people. (Mohan et al. 1997, p. 7) Mr Smith judged according to a kids psychological interest and preference, he gave the little girl a small toy as a reward. In this way Mr Smith collapsed his patients emotional barriers. Moreover the lovely ornaments on the wall is also a kind of communication. They use their cute out-looking, vivid colors telling the patients that here is a warm cozy place. Theres nothing to be afraid of, thus calms nerves inside of the patients. In his little patients fathers eyes Mr Smith has offered her daughter considerate service. From the above analysis, we can reach to the conclusion that only when we minimize or reduce the three kind noise of mechanical noise, semantic noise and psychological noise, can we offer a clear access to send our messages to others and get matchable feedback from our receivers. Non-verbal communication involves a transmission of information via sigh language, gestures, facial expression or other forms of body language. (Mohan et al. 1997 P. 7). Most people understand the importance of communication skills in the social life. But when they practice it, they usually neglect their facial expression, tone, body language in non-verbal communication unconsciously. As a mater of fact, ones facial expression gestures and body language is really important, it can imply others his attitude. For express ourselves better, we need to lay emphasis on the way to achieve success in non-verbal communication. The following are some suggestions. First, putting yourself in others shoes is a good way to sense others feelings on the condition that youve been well observed others facial expression, gesture, tone and body language. Prophet Muhammad is related to have said that any one of us is not considered to be a believing person, until he/she does unto others what he/she wishe s they do unto him/hertheytheydountohim/( July 2008). In the event, Mr Smith judged from the facial expression and body language of his patient, such as tearstained face, stiffed body, frightened look. Those body language reveals lots of information to him, thus help him gets to know what do his patient worries about so that he can adjust his language, facial expression, body language and paralanguage accordingly to cater to the psychology needs and wants of his patient. Second, use your own facial expression gesture, tone and body language and some other paralanguage properly. Never take it for granted that people can always fully understand you at ease. Combine your paralanguage and body language with your words is crucial. In this aspect Mr Smith has made a good example for us. He used a series of facial expression tone, body language and words to communicate with his stubborn patient to talk her into accept dental treatment readily. Mr Smith uses his gentle tone and smile to relax the little girls mind at ease and with the words he selected he successfully convinced his little patient that the process of treatment is painless. Combine proper paralanguage with selected words can make Mr Smiths words sounds more acceptable and credible in the girls ear. Many research studies have been carried out on this point: Non-verbal communication has been extensively studied in the psychology and psychotherapy disciplines and has been shown to have a central effect on participants perceptions of an event. (Mark Gillian 2003 pp. 384 398). That is if you well used your eye movement and gestures and body languages in a non-verbal communication that can help you to yield the twice result with half effort! So I can say with sure that without Mr Smiths paralanguage and facial expression or other body language the outcome will be much worse, or even end up in failure. That kind of communication starts from the heart which can be more effective in achieving a satisfied outcome of communication. His smile, his friendly manner, and his gentle tone reinforced the effectiveness of sending his sincerity to others. In conclusion to this, if we want to express ourselves more clearly to dissolve others hostility and misunderstanding to the greatest degree. It is essential for us to sense others feelings. In other words the way to achieve success in non-verbal communication is not only rely on to have a better understanding through others body language facial expression and paralanguage, but also important for ourselves to properly used our sign language, facial expressions, gestures and body language to enable others feel easier or even comfortable in receiving our messages. Conclusion It goes without saying that communication is playing an important roll in keeping a good relationship with people and improving efficiency in our work. After all have been discussed, acquire a good communication skill is identified as you are able to put yourself into others shoes, to sense others feeling. To collapse the communication barriers which build by mechanical noise, semantic noise, psychological noise. Whats more, well used your facial expression, gesture, and body language will definitely enhance your chance of sending your message to your receiver correctly.